职业描述：Sales and Service Supervisors (621)

At Work
These people work in retail organizations, telephone and door-to-door sales, hospitals and other health care institutions, cafeterias, catering companies and other food service facilities, dry cleaners, laundries, hotels, schools, cleaning companies, office buildings and other service organizations in the private sector and government. Their duties may require them to:
Supervise, co-ordinate and schedule activities of staff;
Establish and implement procedures;
Co-ordinate work with that of other departments;
Estimate and order materials and supplies;
Monitor quality and production levels;
Resolve work-related problems and prepare and submit budget, progress and other reports;
Maintain inventory and records; and
Hire and train staff.
This occupational group also includes dry cleaning, laundry and cleaning supervisors, executive housekeepers and supervisors of workers such as hotel clerks, theatre ushers and attendants, reservation clerks, commissionaires and sport and recreation club workers.

Education, Training and Experience
People in this group usually need a high school diploma and previous experience in their area of work.

Food service supervisors require a college diploma in food service administration, hotel and restaurant management or a related discipline, or several years' experience in food preparation and service.
Executive housekeepers usually require a college diploma or university degree in hospital or hotel management or business administration. They may substitute extensive experience as a cleaning supervisor for educational requirements.

About these Occupations
88,000 persons were employed in these occupations in 1996, an increase of 14.7% from 1986. Over the same period, employment in all occupations grew by 13.1%.

46% of these supervisors are retail trade supervisors, 24% are cleaning supervisors, and 17% are food service supervisors.
27% of these supervisors work part-time, well above the average of 19% for all occupations.
15% of these supervisors are self-employed, compared to an average of 16% for all occupations.
49% of these supervisors are women, compared to an average of 45% in all occupations.
The unemployment rate in these occupations averaged 6.9% from 1994 to 1996, compared to an average of 6.7% for all occupations.
Average earnings of year-round, full-time workers in these occupations in 1995 were $30,100, well below the average of $35,700 for all occupations. These earnings are among the lowest for technical, paraprofessional and skilled occupations.
Employment in these occupations is moderately sensitive to overall economic conditions but is not seasonal.

Full-Time Earnings

1995 Full-Time Earnings*
$49,600 Highest
$30,100 Average
$12,800 Lowest

* Full-time earnings of the highest 10%, the average and the lowest 10% of workers. $35,700 is the average for all occupations.

Looking to the Year 2001
Current labour market conditions for new entrants in these occupations are fair. Labour market conditions for new entrants will remain fair through 2001.

The widespread use of computerized inventory control and order-entry systems will require these supervisors to upgrade their skills.
Most of the increase in labour requirements through 2001 for these occupations will occur in the accommodation and food services and retail trade industries.