职业描述：Psychologists, Social Workers, Counsellors (415)

Psychologists, Social Workers, Counsellors, Clergy and Probation Officers (415)

At Work
People in this group work for government, clinics, correctional facilities, health care institutions, social service agencies, welfare organizations, school boards, schools, universities, churches, synagogues, temples and other places of worship. They may work in private practice.
Psychologists diagnose psychological and emotional disorders, counsel clients, provide therapy and conduct research.
Social workers provide counselling and therapy and referrals to other supportive social services.
Counsellors assist individual clients and groups to overcome personal problems and achieve personal goals.
Ministers of religion conduct religious services and provide spiritual and moral guidance.
Parole officers monitor criminal offenders released from prison to serve the remainder of their sentences in the community.
This occupational group also includes probation officers and classification officers in correctional institutions.

Education, Training and Experience
People in this group usually require a bachelor's degree in their area of work. Some require a master's or doctoral degree in a specific or related discipline.

They usually need supervised practical experience.
Some must complete provincial exams and have provincial certificates and membership in their professional associations.

About these Occupations
82,000 persons were employed in these occupations in 1996, an increase of 32.6% from 1986. Over the same period, employment in all occupations grew by 13.1%.

37% of workers in these occupations are social workers, 26% are ministers of religion, 22% are family and marriage counsellors, and 12% are psychologists.
18% of workers in these occupations work part-time, compared to an average of 19% for all occupations. The proportion of part-time workers in these occupations has risen significantly over the last 10 years.
6% of workers in these occupations are self-employed, well below the average of 16% for all occupations.
52% of persons working in these occupations are women, compared to an average of 45% in all occupations. The proportion of women in these occupations has risen significantly over the last 10 years.
The unemployment rate in these occupations averaged 4.1% from 1994 to 1996, well below the average of 6.7% for all occupations.
Average earnings of year-round, full-time workers in these occupations in 1995 were $37,900, compared to an average of $35,700 for all occupations. These earnings are among the lowest for professional occupations and for occupations in social science, education, government service and religion.
The separation rate in these occupations is low, indicating that workers tend not to lose or leave these jobs.
Employment in these occupations is not very sensitive to overall economic conditions and not seasonal.

Full-Time Earnings

1995 Full-Time Earnings*
$57,400 Highest
$37,900 Average
$17,200 Lowest

* Full-time earnings of the highest 10%, the average and the lowest 10% of workers. $35,700 is the average for all occupations.

Looking to the Year 2001
Current labour market conditions for new entrants in these occupations are fair. Labour market conditions for new entrants will become poor by 2001.

Cutbacks in health and social services are likely to have a negative impact on labour requirements in these occupations. The best opportunities may be in the private sector.
Most of the increase in labour requirements through 2001 for these occupations will occur in the health and social services sector. Labour requirements will decrease significantly in the other service industries sector.